Xenogeneic bone substitute derived from bovine cancellous bone has become a widely used biomaterial in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery for bone augmentation and regeneration procedures. It is composed of deproteinized bovine bone minerals with organic components removed to minimize immunogenicity and enhance biocompatibility. Xenogeneic bone substitute exhibits excellent osteoconductivity, allowing for the ingrowth of host bone and facilitating long-term stability and integration with surrounding tissues. For this reason, we investigated how xenogeneic bone substitutes act on dental pulp stem cells to differentiate them into osteoblasts, measuring the expression levels of bone-related genes and stem cell markers by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time RT-PCR). The results indicated that RUNKS and FOSL1 strongly increased gene expression after 4 days of treatment. Although its role in bone biology is still being elucidated, FOSL1 and MMP XII appear to exert effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, modulating their activity and contributing to bone homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Xenograft bone substitutes act on dental stem cells and promote osteoblast differentiation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[2482],"tags":[755,2577,2574,2575,2576],"affiliation":[],"contributor":[2990,2989,2651],"journalissue":[2640],"class_list":["post-21903","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","category-jo-vol-14-n-1-jan-apr-2022","tag-bone","tag-expression","tag-graft","tag-osteoblasts","tag-stem","contributor-a-pellati","contributor-e-isufaj","contributor-p-daliu","journalissue-jo-vol-14-n-1-jan-apr-2022"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n